Throughout the 500-year history of slavery in North America, enslaved people tried to escape. Once newspapers were common, enslavers posted “runaway ads” to try to locate these fugitives.
When fugitives escaped, enslavers often placed runaway notices in newspapers. Such ads included any kind of information that might help readers identify the fugitive: the name, height, build, appearance, clothing, literacy level, language, accent and so on of the runaway. Often the ads speculate on where the escapee might be headed and why, when they were most recently sold, and what kinds of scars and marks they had.
A $100 bounty for a runaway slave named Abram from Richards’ Ferry, Culpeper County, Virginia. September 24, 18-.A $300 bounty for three escaped slaves named Bob, Charles, and Alfred from Leesburg, Virginia. Bob and Charles were owned by Ish, while Hawling was the owner of Charles. 10 June 1839.Runaway slave broadside from Fairfax, Virginia, 23 August 1839.Block of advertisements announcing slave auction and rewards for run away slaves. The Daily Picayune newspaper, New Orleans, 20 March, 1852.1853 advertisement offering reward for escaped slave boy, posted by P.G.T. Beauregard.Copied from ‘Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl’ by Harriett Jacobs, p.215. The book states that the ad ran in the Norfolk, VA, American Beacon newspaper on July 4, 1835. From General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC.Advertisement in a newspaper for a runaway slave named Bill, who had been captured and turned over to the Jefferson County Jail.Notice published by future president Andrew Jackson offering a $50 reward, plus expenses, for the return of an enslaved mulatto man who escaped from Jackson’s plantation. In a move unusual for the time, the notice offers “ten dollars extra, for every hundred lashes any person will give him, to the amount of three hundred.” 3 October 1804.Advertisement announcing reward for run away slave. New Orleans Delta, Sept. 25, 1849.Female runaway slave, illustrated reward broadside, Alexandria, Virginia, 19 February 1851.Fugitive slave broadside, Greenbrier County, 20 October 1829.Three advertisements announcing rewards for run away slaves. Georgia Journal & Messenger, Dec. 19, 1849.Notice published in the Cambridge Democrat (1849), offering a reward for the return of Harriet Tubman and her two brothers, 3 October 1849.Harriet Jacobs Reward, 4 July 1835.Advertisement announcing reward for run away slave. Louisiana Courier, Feb. 4, 1851. Note slave is listed as being a baker and bilingual; rather unusually low reward of $5 offered. 4 February 1851.Maryland 1853 runaway slave reward broadside.Advertisement announcing reward for run away slave. New Orleans Bee, March 12, 1851. Note slave is listed as being bilingual and literate. 12 March 1851.New York reward broadside for ran-away slave Tom, 1793.Runaway advertisement for Oney Judge, enslaved servant in George Washington’s presidential household. The Pennsylvania Gazette, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 24, 1796.Runaway slave advertisement, 1774.Rewards for runaway slaves published in The Baltimore Sun on 8 August 1839.Advertisements offering reward for capture of runaway slaves, as published in The Daily Picayune, New Orleans, April 26, 1857.Printed broadside on laid paper, 7.25 x 9 in., headed Forty Dollars Reward…for capture of Negro Harry and Negro Len of Maryland, their physical appearances described in detail, issued by Harry and Len’s masters, James and Baker Johnson, dated October 23, 1802. Fredericktown, MD. Printed by John P. Thomson. With added manuscript on verso referring to a transfer of land deeds.1858 poster advertising $100 reward for runaway slave, Washington D.C.
A promenade dance, commonly called a prom, is a dance party for high school students. It may be offered in semi-formal black tie or informal suit for boys, and evening gowns for girls. This event is typically held near the end of the school year. There may be individual junior (11th grade) and senior (12th grade) proms or they may be combined.
At a prom, a “prom king” and a “prom queen” may be revealed. These are honorary titles awarded to students elected in a school-wide vote prior to the prom. Other students may be honored with inclusion in a prom court. The selection method for a prom court is similar to that of homecoming queen/princess, king/prince, and court. Inclusion in a prom court may be a reflection of popularity of those students elected and their level of participation in school activities, such as clubs or sports. The prom queen and prom king may be given crowns to wear. Members of the prom court may be given sashes to wear and photographed together.
Similar events, which may be locally inspired by debutante balls, take place in many other parts of the world. In Canada, the terms “formal” and “Grad” are often used, while in Australia and New Zealand, the terms school formal and ball are most commonly used for occasions equivalent to the American prom, and the event is usually held for students in Year 12, although the bestowing of the regal titles does not occur. Many schools hold a formal graduation ball for finishing students at the end of the year in place of or as well as a formal. In Ireland, a debutante ball or debs may also be held. In Poland, high schools organize a “studniówka”. The term “prom” is becoming more common in the United Kingdom and Canada because of the influence of American films and television shows, such as Grease. In South Africa this event is widely known as a matric dance as students in their 12th year of school are called matric students.
Variation exists between different dialects with regard to whether prom is used with the definite article or not—e.g., whether one says “go to the prom” or “go to prom”. (Wikipedia)
Woman poses next to car on Mulford Street, Homewood, Pittsburgh, PA, 1937.Ernesto Peruggi, a “prominent designer of dolls,” sculpted from young Mildred Marcia Pinkenfeld, who, at 16 weeks, was known as “America’s perfect baby.” 1930s.Gang of teen girls, 1930s.A view down an alley, as rows and rows of laundry hang from tenements, New York City, 1930s.Children riding on horse and cart, 1936.28th Street looking east from Second Avenue, New York City, 1931.New York. Looking east from West Street, New York, 1938.Flooded at Beach & Imperial, La Habra, California, 1938.Girls ready to dive, Washington D.C., 1930.Innovative Pillow Safety: Little Girl on Skates, 1936.A street car collision on Nostrand and Putnam avenues in Brooklyn, New York City on July 7, 1931.Starlets in “The Holy Lie”, 1936.Girls on the helter-skelter ride at Coney Beach Amusement Park in Porthcawl, Wales, 1939.1936 Stout Scarab: The World’s First MinivanTyrone Power and Loretta Young on the set of “Cafe Metropole,” 1937.Galen Gough, noted strongman, Columbia Studios, 1934.Loretta Young in 1938.Jean Harlow, 1930s.Donald Crisp, Jean Harlow, Clark Gable and Mary Astor on the set of the 1932 movie “Red Dust.”Young women at a military ball, Queensland, Australia, March 1938.Secretary at West German Radio in Cologne, 1931.Beach racer, 1933Girls teach an old dog new tricks, 1930s.Workmen painting the Eiffel Tower, 1932.Anna May Wong, 1934.Myrna Loy, William Powell, Jean Harlow and Spencer Tracy in the 1936 movie “Libeled Lady.”Girl studying how to take photographs in Bali, Indonesia, 1934.Beauty shop in Long Beach, California, 1934.A photograph shows a member of the Security Service [Sicherheitsdienst or SD] cutting a Polish Jew’s beard in Warsaw, October 1939.The Dalai Lama at age two. 1937.A doggie produces a milk bottle in an effort to stem the flood of tears from its charge, 1932.Aerial view of a DC-4 passenger plane flying over midtown Manhattan, 1939.Auto Parts Shop, Atlanta, Georgia, 1936.Bathing girls catch mermaid on California Beach, 1933Street fashion in Japan, 1932.Two ladies riding an 1895 Crank Drive and a 500 New Imperial Twin, 1935.Girls standing in water holding bunches of American Lotus, Amana, Iowa, November 1938.This is how they prove London’s Double-decker buses are not a tipping hazard, 1933.Traffic jam on the Broadway Bridge over the Los Angeles River, 1937.Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh in the 1939 movie “Gone With the Wind.”Joan Crawford, 1932Restaurant La Coupole, Paris, 1930.Jean Harlow in 1932Motorcycle chariots celebrating New South Wales police, Australia, 1936.A workman rests on a girder during the construction of Unilever House in Blackfriars, London, 17th March 1931.Two kids boxing, 1931.Japanese high school girls training with Arisaka rifles and fixed bayonets, 1937.Man at the beach fined for not wearing appropriate bathing wear. Heemskerk, Netherlands, 1931.English actress Hermione Baddeley dresses in costume as Minnie Mouse for Film Memories Ball, 1933.A worker relaxing during the construction of the Empire State Building, 1930.
It’s perfectly OK for men to post cute photos of holding cats in their arms, but these guys have taken it to a whole other level! They’ve been posing with their cats, just like probably many men secretly do, however, the thing is that their pictures came out and are funny as hell!
Launched in 1906 by the Duchess of Roxburghe, the British RMS Mauretania was, for five years, the largest ship in the world – and, until 1929, the fastest.
Her lavish interiors utilised marble, tapestry, and some twenty-eight separate types of wood – her grand staircase was made of entirely walnut. Yet the ship had a serious design flaw – at maximum speed, vibrations from her four steam turbines were so extreme as to render the Second and Third Class sections completely unfit for use.
During the First World War, the Mauretania transported British troops to Gallipoli, and became a hospital ship. But when the United States joined the conflict in 1917, the vessel was deployed to carry many thousands of US troops to Europe until the conclusion of the conflict in November 1918.
It was during this period, from March 1918, that the Mauretania was provided with two types of “dazzle” camouflage. Dazzle camouflage used jarring shapes and colours with the intention of disorientating observing enemy craft. These pictures taken in New York City, with American aviators and other troops returning from Europe after the war on December 2, 1918, show the Mauretania in full dazzle – the colors used were olive, black, grey and various blues.
After the War, the Mauretania remained in service until 1934 when Cunard White Star retired the ship. In 1935, she was scrapped.
(All images: Bain Collection, Library of Congress)
They are the publicity shots for what appears to be a rather racy Sixties film, with nymphs and fairies frolicking amid an English rural setting.
These photographs from behind the scenes on Sir Peter Hall’s 1968 film of A Midsummer Night’s Dream were taken by David Farrell, known for his informal portraits of the most prominent and influential artists, actors, authors and musicians of his time. He was lucky enough to see Judi Dench, Diana Rigg, Helen Mirren when they were not yet Grandes Dames of the acting world.
Filmed on location at Compton Verney, an 18th-century pile near Kineton, Warwickshire, the pictures form part of the venue’s Shakespeare in Art: Tempests, Tyrants and Tragedy exhibition in 2016, marking 400 years of the bard’s death. Seeing the sultry Mirren, elegant Rigg and saucy Dench in their gossamer frocks could turn even the most reluctant of us onto Shakespeare.
The young Helen Mirren, Judi Dench and Diana Rigg in Sir Peter Hall’s 1968 version of A Midsummer Night’s Dream.Diana Rigg and Helen Mirren between takes.Woodland Diana Rigg as Helena.Dreamland Judi Dench with Donal Eccles as Starveling.Woodland Judi Dench as Titania with Paul Rogers as Bottom.Woodland Judi Dench as Titania.Dreamland Judi Dench as Titania with Paul Rogers as Bottom.Dreamland Judi Dench as Titania lying atop Paul Rogers as Bottom and Donal Eccles as Starveling.Dreamland Judi Dench as Titania with Paul Rogers as Bottom.
Joan Trumpauer Mulholland might seem like an unlikely civil rights hero: a white teenage girl with a conservative upbringing in Arlington, Virginia, during the Jim Crow era of segregation.
The 1961 police photographs of Joan Mulholland at age 19 after she was arrested for trying to end segregation in the South.
But by the time she was 19 years old, she had participated in over three dozen sit-ins and protests in the South against the treatment of black Americans, earning her a place on the Ku Klux Klan’s most-wanted list.
Today, Mulholland, now 75, speaks to schools and community groups about her experience, including working with Martin Luther King Jr. and spending two months in a Mississippi prison with other “Freedom Riders” for their 1961 bus trip through the American South protesting segregation.
“Get out there and take some form of action,” Mulholland advises young people. “Support anybody who’s being bullied.”
Early activism
Her involvement with social justice started in church and continued in secondary school. Her youth church group secretly invited black students to their Sunday spaghetti dinner. “This was late 1957. We had to keep it quiet because the police could arrest us under the public assembly law,” Mulholland said. “The American Nazi party was about two blocks away, and they could show up. But we met and broke bread together against all the laws.”
Mulholland (left) participating in a 1960 sit-in demonstration at a Virginia drugstore.
At her parents’ insistence, she attended Duke University in North Carolina, where she participated in nonviolent sit-ins at lunch counters to protest stores’ policies that forbade blacks sitting with whites. She left Duke to go to Tougaloo College in Mississippi, becoming the first white student to enroll at the historically black institution. At Tougaloo she met civil rights leaders with whom she would work in the coming years, such as King, Anne Moody and Medgar Evers (who was assassinated by a segregationist in 1963).
She spent the summer of 1963 helping plan the March on Washington, which would turn out to be among the largest political rallies in the nation’s history, during which Martin Luther King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.
From Mississippi to Washington
The following spring, Mullholland was certain she would be killed. The Ku Klux Klan stopped Mulholland and four fellow activists leaving Canton, Mississippi. They surrounded their car and beat the driver. “That night on the road out of Canton,” she said, “we were all convinced that it was the end.” Some quick thinking on their part allowed Mulholland and her friends to escape. A Klan informant would later confirm that their attackers had been ordered to kill them. Because they failed, the Klan killed three other civil rights workers: Michael Schwerner, James Chaney and Andrew Goodman.
Martin Luther King Jr. (right) with Mulholland (center) at Tougaloo College in 1962.
When Mullholland graduated from Tougaloo, she returned to Arlington, Virginia, where she raised five sons and worked as a teacher’s assistant. In recent years, her son Loki founded the Joan Trumpauer Mulholland Foundation to help educate children about the civil rights era.
Her life is chronicled in the film “An Ordinary Hero”.
Mulholland revisits the Mississippi prison cell where she was confined in 1961.
“Signs and marching are still good,” she says, “but try to think of a creative approach to your demonstration. Make sure you’ve got other people with you, and use social media to publicize it.”
Most of the movies made before sound hit the big screen will never be seen by our eyes. According to Martin Scorsese’s Film Foundation, half of the films made before 1950 — and more than 90 per cent of those made before 1929 — are lost forever. And while not all of them are lost, you’ll probably never see the films that remain, since they’re rarely screened. Their posters are all that remain of Hollywood’s beginnings.
It’s rare to see royals stomping about through the mud, but a recently unearthed set of photographs shows Princess Diana and Prince Charles doing exactly that.
These rare candid photographs belonged to the late housekeeper of Queen Elizabeth’s cousin Princess Alexandra. They were discovered by the housekeeper’s son and reveal a relaxed Princess Diana in the early years of her marriage to Prince Charles.
The photos offer a rare glimpse into Diana’s life away from the public eye. They show the late Princess of Wales enjoying a country shoot in the early 1980s with Prince Charles and friends. Diana looked at ease in the countryside as she joined a shooting party during what appears to be the autumn season. She was dressed casual for the outing sporting an olive green jacket and taupe pants, which she accessorized with a printed scarf, red mittens and boots.
Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales—the heir apparent to the British throne—and mother of Princes William and Harry. Diana’s activism and glamour made her an international icon and earned her enduring popularity as well as unprecedented public scrutiny, exacerbated by her tumultuous private life.
Diana was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal family on their Sandringham estate. In 1981, while working as a nursery teacher’s assistant, she became engaged to Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II. Their wedding took place at St Paul’s Cathedral in 1981 and made her Princess of Wales, a role in which she was enthusiastically received by the public. They had two sons, William and Harry, who were then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne. Diana’s marriage to Charles suffered due to their incompatibility and extramarital affairs. They separated in 1992, soon after the breakdown of their relationship became public knowledge. Their marital difficulties became increasingly publicised, and they divorced in 1996.
As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions across the Commonwealth realms. She was celebrated in the media for her unconventional approach to charity work. Her patronages initially centred on children and the elderly but she later became known for her involvement in two particular campaigns, that involving the social attitudes towards and the acceptance of AIDS patients, and the campaign promoted through the International Red Cross for the removal of landmines. She also raised awareness and advocated for ways to help people affected with cancer and mental illness. The Princess was initially noted for her shyness, but her charisma and friendliness endeared her to the public and helped her reputation survive the acrimonious collapse of her marriage. Considered to be very photogenic, she was a leader of fashion in the 1980s and 1990s. Diana’s death in a car crash in Paris led to extensive public mourning and global media attention. Her legacy has had a deep impact on the royal family and British society. (Wikipedia)
Princess Diana, centre, smiles at the camera while dressed in a Barbour and silk tartan scarf while on a shoot in the countryside. Behind her is Princess Margaret’s daughter Lady Sarah Chatto, left.Princess Diana, left, and her husband Prince Charles, centre, look out across the fields, which are covered in leaves.Diana, left, appears relaxed and at ease while chatting to friends.Diana, centre, looks out onto the fields as a male friend, left, photographs the group.The shooting party were photographed tucking into snacks and hot drinks.The group were spotted gathering by their Range Rovers before making their way into the fields.The group, all dressed in Barbour jackets, are believed to be in the grounds of a country mansion.
Back in the 1950s, there were many pregnancy rules that are no longer rules today. Many studies have been conducted over the decades to find what was harmful to pregnant women and what was not was behind the changes. That being said, the rules that pregnant women had to follow in the 1950s are starkly different from the recommendations set out today. Below are 17 crazy rules from the past.
Pregnant girl, 1950s.
There weren’t any at home pregnancy tests back in the 1950s. In fact, if you were to be tested for pregnancy, a urine sample would be collected and sent to the lab. The urine would then be injected into a rabbit, and if the rabbit died then that would indicate a “positive” test. Thus comes the phrase “the rabbit done died. ”
Smoking and drinking were not discouraged during pregnancy. In fact, it was not uncommon for the doctor to offer his patient a cigarette while they discussed her pregnancy in his office.
All pregnant women were considered frail and prescribed a lot of bedrest during pregnancy. They were also instructed not to reach for things over their head, as this was believed to cause the umbilical cord to wrap around the baby’s neck.
Sitting on cold cement was discouraged because it would cause hemorrhoids.
If you gained too much weight during pregnancy, you were then prescribed a diet pill, which were referred to as “black beauties.”
A previous miscarriage would put you at high risk for pregnancy and were given Thalidomide during pregnancy. In all actuality, this drug causes birth defects in children and often resulted in missing limbs.
It was considered very poor taste for women to attend funerals during pregnancy.
The words “pregnant” and “pregnancy” were not spoken in public, rather were replaced with “expecting,” “with child” and “in the family way. ”
A woman stayed in the hospital for at least one week after giving birth.
If you were past your due date, your husband was advised to take you in car ride down a bumpy road, which was believed to induce labor.
After delivery, your husband and family weren’t allowed anywhere near you or the baby until you both were cleaned up.
It was believed that women should not experience any pain during delivery and were often “knocked out” during the process with anesthetic.
In the hospital, the mother was only permitted to see the baby during bottle feedings (breastfeeding was not recommended).
Smoking during the hospital stay was not uncommon and women were provided with ash trays by their bedside.
Fathers and family could only see the baby at the hospital through a glass window in the nursery.
Due to the possibility of germs, no visitors to your house were allowed once you came home with the baby during the first few months.
The baby was not allowed to leave the house until it was baptized.
