Many people argue that home economics classes are an outdated, patriarchal set of skills women were forced to learn back in the day that have no place in our modern, feminist school systems.
After all, the modern woman can buy her own clothes, pop dinner into a microwave, throw her laundry into a washing machine, and go out in the world to pursue whatever career she wants. However, the whole point of home economics classes of the past was to equip young people with the practical skills they needed to live life as independent adults.
In her article Bring back home ec!, Ruth Graham traces the trajectory of home economics classes throughout the 20th century. They have gone from being “rooted in progressive and even feminist thinking” (ca. 1899) to being “combat troops against malnutrition” during the Depression. In the 1950s, teachers became salespeople for convenience foods. By the 1960s-70s, the crucial knowledge taught in home economics class had become conventional knowledge and no longer seemed necessary. People also didn’t like thinking that home economics class simply prepared young women for marriage, which is understandable.
Harley-Davidson, Inc., H-D, or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer founded in 1903 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Along with Indian, it was one of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression. The company has survived numerous ownership arrangements, subsidiary arrangements, periods of poor economic health and product quality, and intense global competition to become one of the world’s largest motorcycle manufacturers and an iconic brand widely known for its loyal following. There are owner clubs and events worldwide, as well as a company-sponsored, brand-focused museum.
Harley-Davidson is noted for a style of customization that gave rise to the chopper motorcycle style. The company traditionally marketed heavyweight, air-cooled cruiser motorcycles with engine displacements greater than 700 cc, but it has broadened its offerings to include more contemporary VRSC (2002) and middle-weight Street (2015) platforms.
Harley-Davidson manufactures its motorcycles at factories in York, Pennsylvania; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Manaus, Brazil; Bawal, India; and Pluak Daeng, Thailand. The company markets its products worldwide, and also licenses and markets merchandise under the Harley-Davidson brand, among them apparel, home décor and ornaments, accessories, toys, scale models of its motorcycles, and video games based on its motorcycle line and the community. (Wikipedia)
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba; it is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Spanning 65,758 square miles (170,310 km2), Florida ranks 22nd in area among the 50 states, and with a population of over 21 million, is the third-most populous. The state capital is Tallahassee and the most populous city is Jacksonville. The Miami metropolitan area, with a population of almost 6.2 million, is the most populous urban area in Florida and the seventh-most populous in the United States; other urban conurbations with over one million people are Tampa Bay, Orlando, and Jacksonville.
Various Native American groups have inhabited Florida for at least 14,000 years. In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León became the first known European to make landfall, calling the region La Florida ([la floˈɾiða] for its lush greenery and the Easter season (Pascua Florida in Spanish). Florida subsequently became the first area in the continental U.S. to be permanently settled by Europeans, with the Spanish colony of St. Augustine, founded in 1565, being the oldest continuously inhabited city. Florida was repeatedly contested by Spain and Great Britain, before being ceded to the U.S. in 1819; it was admitted as the 27th state on March 3, 1845. Florida was the principal location of the Seminole Wars (1816–1858), the longest and most extensive of the Indian Wars in U.S. history. The state seceded from the Union on January 10, 1861, becoming one of the seven original Confederate States. After the Civil War, Florida was restored to the Union on June 25, 1868.
Since the mid-20th century, Florida has experienced rapid demographic and economic growth. Its $1.0 trillion economy is the fourth-largest of any U.S. state and the 16th-largest in the world; the main sectors are tourism, hospitality, agriculture, real estate, and transportation. Florida is world-renowned for its beach resorts, amusement parks, warm and sunny climate, and nautical recreation; attractions such as Walt Disney World, the Kennedy Space Center, and Miami Beach draw tens of millions of visitors annually. Florida is a popular destination for retirees, seasonal vacationers, and both domestic and international migrants; it hosts nine out of the ten fastest-growing communities in the U.S. The state’s close proximity to the ocean has shaped its culture, identity, and daily life; its colonial history and successive waves of migration are reflected in African, European, Indigenous, Latino, and Asian influences. Florida has attracted or inspired writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes, particularly in golf, tennis, auto racing, and water sports. Florida is also heavily noted for being a battleground state in American presidential elections, notably those in 2000, 2016, and 2020.
About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. It has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, spanning approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), not including its many barrier islands. Florida has 4,510 islands that are ten acres (4 ha) or larger in area, the second highest number after Alaska. Much of the state is at or near sea level, and is characterized by sedimentary soil. Florida is the flattest state in the country, with the lowest high point of any U.S. state, at just 345 feet (105 meters). Lake Okeechobee is its largest freshwater lake, and the second-largest located entirely within the contiguous 48 states. Several beaches in Florida have turquoise and emerald-colored coastal waters.
Florida’s climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. It is the only state besides Hawaii to have a tropical climate, and is the only continental state with both a tropical climate (at the lower tip of the peninsula) and a coral reef. Consequently, Florida has several unique ecosystems, most notably Everglades National Park, the largest tropical wilderness in the U.S. and among the largest in the Americas. Unique wildlife include the American alligator, American crocodile, American flamingo, Roseate spoonbill, Florida panther, bottlenose dolphin, and manatee. The Florida Reef is the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States, and the third-largest coral barrier reef system in the world (after the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef). (Wikipedia)
Naples Municipal Pier, Florida, 1947Fun on Miami Beach, Florida, 1942“Queen of Hearts” Beauty Contest in Saint Petersburg, Florida, 1949Hollywood beach, Florida, 1949Drive-in Church in St. Petersburg, Florida, 1947Guests of Sarasota trailer park, Sarasota, Florida, enjoying the sun and sea breeze at the beach. January 1941.Truckloads of celery arriving at packing house. Belle Glade, Florida. January 1941.Guest of Sarasota trailer park, Sarasota, Florida, with his family, picnicking at the beach. January 1941.Amish farmers from Pennsylvania observing farming methods near Sarasota, Florida. January 1941.Escambia Farms, Okaloosa, Florida. Boiling wash water on the McLelland farm. June 1942.Guests of Sarasota trailer park, Sarasota, Florida, picnicking at the beach. January 1941.Construction workers drinking beer in Soldier’s Joy Cafe near Camp Blanding, Starke, Florida. December 1940.Citrus pickers at work in a Tampa, Florida orange grove, 1940Car and driver for Airlines Service, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida. 1940sA couple pushing a baby stroller through a trailer park in Sarasota, Florida, 1946Naval Photography School students loading aerial camera on to a plane at NAS Pensacola, 1942Women waiting outside of Furchgott’s retail store in Jacksonville, Florida, 1949The F. W. Woolworth Store on Franklin Street, Tampa, Florida, 1942.Pedestrians outside the F.W. Woolworth Co. department store, Tampa, Florida, 1941.Stuart, Florida, 1940s
Bowie’s first marriage to Cypriot-American model Angela Bowie ended in divorce and estrangement.
Angela, or ‘Angie’ as she is known, was only 19 when she met Bowie at a gig at The Roundhouse in London in 1969. The pair were married one year later and a year after that welcomed their son, Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones.
Following their divorce in 1980, Angela has said she lost contact with both Bowie and Duncan and hinted at her parents’ strained relationship with her former husband.
Here are some interesting photos of David Bowie with his wife Angie Bowie at Victoria station before he left on a train to Paris in July 1973.
At the age of sixteen, upon seeing the work of Irving Penn, Sandro Miller knew he wanted to become a photographer. Mostly self-taught, Sandro relied on books published by many of the great artists canonized in photographic history. Through their pictures, he learned the art of composition, lighting and portraiture. More than 30 years later, with clients ranging from Forbes, GQ and Esquire, to American Express, Coca-Cola and BMW, Sandro has secured his place as one of the top advertising photographers worldwide.
His success in the commercial world allows him to continue his personal projects, which has included working in Cuba, photographing American blues musicians, various dance troupes, and extended endeavors with John Malkovich, his long time friend and collaborator. Sandro first met Malkovich in the late 1990s, while working on a job for Steppenwolf Theater. More than 16 years later, Sandro and John are still collaborating, which can be seen in their latest project, Malkovich, Malkovich, Malkovich: Homage to Photographic Masters.
In 2013, Sandro decided to do a project honoring the men and women whose photographs helped shape his career. After selecting thirty-five images to emulate, Sandro contacted Malkovich, who instantly agreed to participate. When speaking about Malkovich, Sandro states: “John is the most brilliant, prolific person I know. His genius is unparalleled. I can suggest a mood or an idea and within moments, he literally morphs into the character right in front of my eyes. He is so trusting of my work and our process… I’m truly blessed to have him as my friend and collaborator.”
Malkovich, Malkovich, Malkovich: Homage to Photographic Masters honors photographs that have impacted Sandro. Pieces include Irving Penn’s photograph of Truman Capote in a corner; Bert Stern’s photographs of Marilyn Monroe; Dorothea Lange’s image of a migrant mother; Robert Mapplethorpe’s self-portrait with a gun; Annie Leibovitz’s iconic image of John Lennon and Yoko Ono; Diane Arbus’s classic photo of a boy with a hand grenade; Richard Avedon’s beekeeper, among many others.
John Malkovich is considered to be one the greatest American actors of the 21st century. In Malkovich, Malkovich, Malkovich: Homage to Photographic Masters, he demonstrates his chameleon-like proclivity, morphing into Albert Einstein, Che Guevara, John Lennon and Andy Warhol. Through his immense skill and Sandro’s amazing photographic eye, Malkovich, Malkovich, Malkovich: Homage to Photographic Masters pays respect to photographic history through the genius of a photographer and his muse.
Sandro Miller, Dorothea Lange / Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California (1936), 2014Sandro Miller, Philippe Halsman / Salvador Dalí (1954), 2014Sandro Miller, Albert Watson / Alfred Hitchcock with Goose (1973), 2014Sandro Miller, Victor Skrebneski / Bette Davis (1971), Los Angeles Studio, 2014Sandro Miller, Andy Warhol / Self Portrait (Fright Wig) (1986), 2014Sandro Miller, Diane Arbus / Identical Twins, Roselle, New Jersey (1967), 2014Sandro Miller, Gordon Parks / American Gothic, Washington, D.C. (1942), 2014Sandro Miller, Yousuf Karsh / Ernest Hemingway (1957), 2014Sandro Miller, Irving Penn / Pablo Picasso, Cannes, France (1957), 2014Sandro Miller, Arthur Sasse / Albert Einstein Sticking Out His Tongue (1951), 2014Sandro Miller, Alberto Korda / Che Guevara (1960), 2014Sandro Miller, Annie Leibovitz / John Lennon and Yoko Ono (1980), 2014Sandro Miller, Bert Stern / Marilyn in Pink Roses (from The Last Session, 1962), 2014Sandro Miller, David Bailey / Mick Jagger “Fur Hood” (1964), 2014Sandro Miller, Edward Sheriff Curtis / Three Horses (1905), 2014Sandro Miller, Herb Ritts / Jack Nicholson, London (1988) (A), 2014
Primitive sunglasses were worn by the Inuit all the way back in prehistoric times, but these were merely walrus ivory with slits in them — good for helping with snow blindness. The Roman emperor Nero watched gladiator fights through polished gems. In 12th century China they used smoky quartz for lenses, but the specs were used for concealing judges’ facial expressions during interrogations of suspects rather than style or sunlight protecting purposes. In the 1750s, London optician James Ayscough began experimenting with green lenses to help with certain vision problems. He believed that his glasses could correct certain vision impairments yet harmful UV-rays were not a concern at this time.
Glasses tinted with yellow-amber and brown were a commonly-prescribed item for people with syphilis in the 19th and early 20th century because one of the symptoms of the disease was extreme susceptibility to light.
It was only in the 20th century that sunglasses took on the modern form. In the late-1920s Sam Foster began selling the first mass-produced sunglasses using the brand name “Foster Grant”. He began slling these from a Woolworth on the beasches of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Polarized sunglasses became the next evolutionary step available in 1936, when Edwin H. Land began using his patented Polaroid filter when making sunglasses. By 1938, Life magazine wrote of how sunglasses were a “new fad for wear on city streets … a favorite affectation of thousands of women all over the U.S.”
During World War 2 Ray Ban revolutionized sunglasses by creating anti-glare aviator style sunglasses, using polarization. Ray-Ban Aviator sunglasses became popular with the celebrities and the public in the post-war years and subsequent improvements over the decades has allowed safety to be married with design and fashion.
Take a look at the wonderful photos of women wearing sunglasses during the 1960s.
Diana Ross (born Diana Ernestine Earle Ross, March 26, 1944) is an American entertainer and actress. She rose to fame as the lead singer of the vocal group the Supremes, who became Motown’s most successful act during the 1960s and one of the world’s best-selling girl groups of all time. They remain the best-charting female group in history, with a total of twelve number-one hit singles on the US Billboard Hot 100, including “Where Did Our Love Go”, “Baby Love”, “Come See About Me”, and “Love Child”.
Following departure from the Supremes in 1970, Ross embarked on a successful solo career in music, film, television and on stage. Her eponymous debut solo album featured the U.S. number-one hit “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough” and music anthem “Reach Out and Touch (Somebody’s Hand)”. It was followed with her second solo album, Everything Is Everything, which spawned her first UK number-one single “I’m Still Waiting”. She continued her successful solo career by mounting elaborate record-setting world-wide concert tours, starring in a number of highly watched prime-time television specials, and releasing hit albums like Touch Me in the Morning (1973), Mahogany (1975), and Diana Ross (1976) as well as their number-one hit singles, “Touch Me in the Morning”, “Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You’re Going To)”, and “Love Hangover”, respectively. Ross further released numerous top-ten hits into the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. She achieved two more US number-one singles, “Upside Down” (1980) and “Endless Love” (1981), as well as UK number-one hit “Chain Reaction” (1986) and UK number-two hit “When You Tell Me That You Love Me” (1991).
Ross has also acted. Her first role was her Golden Globe Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated portrayal of Billie Holiday in the film Lady Sings the Blues (1972); she also recorded its soundtrack, which became a number one hit on the U.S. album chart. She also starred in two other feature films, Mahogany (1975) and The Wiz (1978), and later appeared in the television films Out of Darkness (1994), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, and Double Platinum (1999).
Ross was named the “Female Entertainer of the Century” by Billboard in 1976. Since her solo career began in 1970, Ross has released 25 studio albums, numerous singles, and compilations that have sold more than 100 million records worldwide. She is the only female artist to have had number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 as a solo artist, as the other half of a duet, as a member of a trio, and as an ensemble member. In 2021, Billboard ranked her the 30th greatest Hot 100 artist of all time. Her hits as a Supreme and a solo artist combined put Ross among the Top 5 artists on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart from 1955 to 2018. She had a top 10 UK hit in every one of the last five decades, and sang lead on a top 75 hit single at least once every year from 1964 to 1996 in the UK, a period of 33 consecutive years and a record for any performer. In 1988, Ross was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Supremes. The Guinness Book of World Records recognizes her as the greatest female artist in U.S. and U.K. chart history, with a career total of 70 hit singles. She was the recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2007, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. (Wikipedia)
Hepburn met American actor Mel Ferrer at a cocktail party hosted by mutual friend Gregory Peck. He had suggested that they star together in a play. The meeting would result with them working together in Ondine, during which they began a relationship. Eight months later, on 25 September 1954, they were married at a local 13th century Protestant church in Bürgenstock, Switzerland, while preparing to star together in the film War and Peace (1955).
Hepburn would suffer two miscarriages, one in March 1955, and another in 1959, after she fell from a horse while filming the movie The Unforgiven (1960). When she became pregnant for the third time, she took a year off work to prevent another miscarriage. Their son Sean Hepburn Ferrer was born on 17 July 1960. She would have two more miscarriages, one in 1965 and the other in 1967.
Despite the continuous rumors that their marriage would not last, Hepburn always maintained that she and Ferrer were happy, although she once admitted that he did have a bad temper. From the beginning of their marriage Ferrer was accused of being too controlling, and had often been referred as being her “Svengali” – an accusation that Hepburn heartily denied. William Holden was once heard saying, “I think Audrey allows Mel to think he influences her.” After 14-years of marriage, the couple would divorce in 1968.
