A bookmobile or mobile library is a vehicle designed for use as a library. They have been known by many names throughout history, including traveling library, library wagon, book wagon, book truck, library-on-wheels, and book auto service.[1] Bookmobiles expand the reach of traditional libraries by transporting books to potential readers, providing library services to people in otherwise underserved locations (such as remote areas) and/or circumstances (such as residents of retirement homes). Bookmobile services and materials (such as Internet access, large print books, and audiobooks), may be customized for the locations and populations served.
Bookmobiles have been based on various means of conveyance, including bicycles, carts, motor vehicles, trains, watercraft, and wagons, as well as camels, donkeys, elephants, horses, and mules. (Wikipedia)
An Opened Bookmobile, 1925The First Bookmobile Of The Public Library Of Cincinnati, 1927A Mobile Library In Kurdistan, Iran, 1970Inside A Bookmobile, 1960sOne Of The Library Bookmobiles, 1948.A Bookmobile In Indonesia, Early 20th Century.The Bookmobile In Columbia Park, 1940BookmobileBook Caravan In Iowa, 1927Multnomah County Library, 1926Greensboro, North Carolina, 1936An Impatient Queue For A Dutch BookmobileThe Library’s Bookmobile On Compton Road, 1933Three Of The Bookmobile Staff, 1930Craig Medvigny (left) And David Sutton Enjoying A Book; Eleanor Mann Substitute Traveling Branch Librarian, 1920sMrs. Josie Sanders, Richard Sanders, Jerome Sanders And Two Younger Children. 1950sA Horse-drawn Cart In Washington In The 1900s. It Was One Of The First American Bookmobiles, Built In 1905, But Was Hit And Destroyed By A Train In 1910A Bookmobile In Indonesia, Early 20th Century.A Mobile Library In CanterburyA Boston Public Library Bookmobile, 1963A Bus With A View, 1967Utah State Library Bookmobile On The Road, 1970The Library’s BookmobileChildren Gathering At The Bookmobile, 1912Children Gathering At The Kern County Free Library Bookmobile At Aztec School, 1947A Very Fine Bookmobile Owned By The New Castle County Free LibraryRockville Fair, Maryland, 1928A Circulating Library In A Streetcar In Munich, GermanyBookmobile At Anne Arundel County Fair, 1973Sanpete County BookmobileSummer Rural Service, 1936BookmobileThe Book Caravan, One Of The First Traveling Bookshops, 1920.Books Free For Everybody, Right At The Door – If You Vote “yes”Library Bookmobiles In Front Of Union TerminalThe Library’s Bookmobile In Sharonville, 1938California State Library Bookmobile, 1950Patrons Visiting The BookmobileBookmobile, Southgate District, 1920sBookmobile In Madrid SpainThe Cincinnati Library’s First Bookmobile, 1927A Czech Book TruckOnboard The Connecticut State Library’s Bookmobile With Margaret Sullivan And Marcella Finan, 1967Chris Junapa Standing In The Kern County Bookmobile, 1980Patrons Visiting The Anne Arundel Country BookmobilePatrons Visit The Bookmobile In 1962. Mrs James B. Wilson, Librarian, Performs Readers’ Advisory Service At Far RightCarolyn Herntz Assists Patrons Visiting The Bookmobile, 1958Patrons Visiting The BookmobileA Photo Of The Bookmobile From Washington County (MD) Free LibraryBookmobile At Headquarters, 1977Presentation Of The New Bookmobile At The Paris Colonial Exposition Held In Paris France, 1931Multnomah County Library Bookmobile, 1925Multnomah County Library Bookmobile Interior, May 1927Multnomah County Library Bookmobile, 1930sSummer Book Wagon, 1928Multnomah County Library Bookmobile, 1924
Kids At Multnomah County Library BookmobileA Tram In Berlin With 2400 Books In Berlin, 1952Framingham Public Library, 1956Utah State Library Bookmobile On The Road, 1970The Bookmobile Of Providence Public Library, 1967Paul Buttars, Former Manager Of The Utah State Library Bookmobile Program, In One Of The “older” Bookmobiles. Taken In Chesterfield, Ut, 1975The Bicentennial Bookmobile In Utah, 1976Patrons Visiting The BookmobileKern County Library Bookmobile, 1950Getting Ready, 1976Patrons Visiting The Bookmobile In 1962Patrons Visit The BookmobileBookmobile, 1950Patrons Visiting The BookmobileBookmobilePatrons In Bookmobile LineBookmobile, 1999Bookmobile
The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960, whose best-known line-up comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time[1] and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music’s recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era’s youth and sociocultural movements.
Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles evolved from Lennon’s previous group, the Quarrymen, and built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since 1958, went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after their first hit, “Love Me Do”, in late 1962. As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed “Beatlemania”, the band acquired the nickname “the Fab Four”, with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band’s entourage sometimes given the informal title of “fifth Beatle”.
By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became a leading force in Britain’s cultural resurgence, ushering in the British Invasion of the United States pop market, and soon made their film debut with A Hard Day’s Night (1964). From 1965 onwards, they produced records of greater sophistication, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as “the White Album”, 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). Heralding the album era, their success elevated the album to be the dominant form of record consumption over singles; they also inspired a greater public interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and furthered advancements in electronic music, album art and music videos. In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band’s legacy. After the group’s break-up in 1970, all principal members enjoyed success as solo artists and some partial reunions have occurred. Lennon was murdered in 1980 and Harrison died of lung cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active.
The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide. They hold the record for most number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart, most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and most singles sold in the UK (21.9 million). The band received many accolades, including seven Grammy Awards, four Brit Awards, an Academy Award (for Best Original Song Score for the 1970 film Let It Be) and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and each principal member was inducted individually between 1994 and 2015. In 2004 and 2011, the group topped Rolling Stone’s lists of the greatest artists in history. Time magazine named them among the 20th century’s 100 most important people. (Wikipedia)
Beatle fan frenzy in Los Angeles peaked each August from 1964 to 1966. The band performed at the Hollywood Bowl on Aug. 23, 1964, In 1965 they again performed at the Hollywood Bowl on Aug. 29th and 30th. On Aug. 28, 1966, they performed at Dodger Stadium.
Aug. 18, 1964: About 500 fans crowded into Los Angeles International Airport to see the Beatles, who were enroute to San Francisco for a concert at the Cow Palace.March 15, 1964: Beatle fans scream at a local Fox West-Coast Theater during rebroadcast nationally by closed-circuit TV of the band’s recent concert in Washington D.C. Tickets were $2.50 per admission. April 25, 1964: Crowd gathers at the Hollywood Bowl to buy tickets for the Beatles August 23, 1964 performance. The Bowl was one of several locations selling tickets. The line of teenagers snaked for several blocks. The concert was sold out in three hours.Aug. 18, 1964: Girls weep with joy after viewing arrival of Beatles’ plane at Los Angeles International Airport.Aug. 23, 1964: Officer Robert Yocum informs Beatle fans Chelie Mylott and Melody Yapscott, right, that they’ll have to move from their spot in front of the Hollywood Bowl. The girls had no tickets but hoped to get them from scalpers or sneak in. Aug. 23, 1964: The Beatles, top center, quickly file into waiting car following press conference at a North Hollywood teen-ager club. Their next stop was for a concert at the Hollywood Bowl.Aug. 23, 1964: The Beatles, top center, quickly file into waiting car following press conference at a North Hollywood teen-ager club. Their next stop was for a concert at the Hollywood Bowl.Aug. 23, 1964: Beverly Kellogg is one of thousands of fans waiting for the Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl.Aug. 23, 1964: Fans watching Beatles in concert at the Hollywood Bowl.Aug. 23, 1964: Fans screaming during Beatles concert at the Hollywood Bowl.Aug. 24, 1964: Actress Nancy Olson helps an girl throught a Beatles reception line during a charity event. From left is George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney.Aug. 25, 1964: Beatle fans run pass barricades and rush policemen in effort to reach Bel-Air home where the band was staying. The fans were stopped before reaching the band.Aug. 25, 1964: Beatle fans run pass barricades and rush policemen in effort to reach Bel-Air home where the band was staying.Aug. 25, 1964: The Beatles, from left: Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney, John Lennon and George Harrison, relax on lawn of rented Bel-Air mansion.Aug. 25, 1964: Ringo Starr plays the role of quick-draw artist as he gets the other Beatles in his sights during rest day for the band at a Bel-Air mansion.Aug. 26, 1964: Members of the Beatles Boosters Fan Club display their anger over traffic ticket given Paula Glasser, left when they pursued car carrying the band. Others in front from left, are Kay Zar, Mickie Tummino and Sue Richman. In rear from left are Darlene Valdes, Sue Stafford and Yvonne Salinas.Aug. 23, 1965: The Beatles secret hideway became a mob scene when girls learned it was no longer a secret.Aug. 25, 1965: Beatle fans, from left, Paula Glasser, Kay Zar, Mikki Tummino and Sue Candiotti took turns flying with pilot Russell O’Quinn in rented helicopter to visit the band. They took turns flying at 300 feet over the Beatles’ rented home in Benedict Canyon.Aug. 29, 1965: Photographers at press conference for the Beatles before their performance at the Hollywood Bowl. Seated on right is Paul McCartney with Ringo Starr partly visible behind him. Standing on right is John Lennon.Aug. 29, 1965: The Beatles at press conference before their performance at the Hollywood Bowl. From left is George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney and John Lennon. Poster is for their movie “HELP!.”Aug. 30, 1965: Police and security guards try to hold crowd of youngsters from reaching Beatles as the band prepare to leave Hollywood Bowl in an armored car.Aug. 30, 1965: Beatle fans get trampled as the band leave Hollywood Bowl in armored car in background. When the armored car stalled, fans rushed past police lines to reach the vehicle. The armored car was re-started and left.Aug. 28, 1966: Two teenage Beatle fans find themselves in handcuffs as well as tears after they scaled Dodger Stadium wall and ran onto field during concert. They were hustled out.Aug. 28, 1966: Crowd watching the Beatles perform at Dodger Stadium.Aug. 28, 1966: The Beatles perform on stage at Dodger Stadium – near second base. From left is George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney and John Lennon.
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, 326 Indian reservations, and some minor possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million square kilometers), it is the world’s third- or fourth-most extensive country by geographic area. The United States shares significant land borders with Canada to the north and Mexico to the south as well as limited maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, and Russia. With a population of more than 331 million people, it is the third most populous country in the world. The national capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City.
Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago, and European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Disputes with Great Britain over taxation and political representation led to the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), which established the nation’s independence. In the late 18th century, the U.S. began expanding across North America, gradually obtaining new territories, sometimes through war, frequently displacing Native Americans, and admitting new states; by 1848, the United States spanned the continent. Slavery was legal in the southern United States until the second half of the 19th century, when the American Civil War led to its abolition. The Spanish–American War and World War I established the U.S. as a world power, a status confirmed by the outcome of World War II. During the Cold War, the United States fought the Korean War and the Vietnam War but avoided direct military conflict with the Soviet Union. The two superpowers competed in the Space Race, culminating in the 1969 spaceflight that first landed humans on the moon. The Soviet Union’s dissolution in 1991 ended the Cold War, leaving the United States as the world’s sole superpower.
The United States is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three separate branches of government, including a bicameral legislature. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States, NATO, and other international organizations. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. Considered a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, its population has been profoundly shaped by centuries of immigration. The United States ranks high in international measures of economic freedom, quality of life, education, and human rights; it has low levels of perceived corruption. However, it has been criticized for inequality related to race, wealth, and income; use of capital punishment; high incarceration rates; and lack of universal health care.
The United States is a highly developed country, accounts for approximately a quarter of global GDP, and is the world’s largest economy by GDP at market exchange rates. By value, the United States is the world’s largest importer and second-largest exporter of goods. Although its population is only 4.2% of the world’s total, it holds 29.4% of the total wealth in the world, the largest share held by any country. Making up more than a third of global military spending, it is the foremost military power in the world and internationally a leading political, cultural, and scientific force. (Wikipedia)
Clive Alderman with wagon and horses. Hillsboro, West Virginia, 1918Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Railroad Station, 1910Fifth Avenue and Forty-Second Street, New York City, 1908New York City’s public transportation in 1913.Group of people waiting for their train to arrive at Conomo Station in Essex County, Massachusetts. 1904Horse drawn ladder truck, Somerville, New Jersey, 1909Homes of immigrant families on Marginal Street, Boston, Mass., 1909Chester Park, Cincinnati, Ohio; 19104th and Main Street, Los Angeles, California, 1900Champaign, Illinois, 1915Indoor portrait of a family in Denver, Colorado between 1904 and 1915. One boy holds a page from the Denver Post on his lap. An Underwood typewriter, bureau with fold-out desk, a bed, and a potbelly stove are in the room. City Hall construction 1912-13, Oakland, CaliforniaMarket Street toward ferry, San Francisco, Calif., April 1906Employee Parking lot at Standard Oil, Richmond Calif., 1915Ouray from Blow-out Canyon, Colorado, 1901Salt Lake City, Utah, 1909Boyd Park Jewelers Watch Repair Department, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1914Steamers and sailing ships in harbor at Portland, Oregon, 1910Fourth St., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1906Bank Building at the SE corner of Third Street and Broadway, Santa Monica, California, 1900Looking up 1st Ave. from Pioneer Square, Seattle, Washington, 1900The Barge Office adjacent to Battery Park near the present-day site of Staten Island Ferry in lower Manhattan, 1900.Guadeloupean woman at Ellis Island, 1911Congress Street, looking north. Portland, Maine, circa 1910.Fifth Avenue, New York 1908Sidewalk on Olive Street looking west from Seventh Street. St. Louis, Missouri, 1900A newsboy stands in the rubble of street repair work on Olive Boulevard looking west toward Grand Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, ca. 1907.Main Street, Woodstock Illinois circa 1910Main Street in Juliaetta, Idaho. 1910Luther and Ida Allen, center, on their wedding day in 1912. Lincoln, Nebraska.Indiana, 1908Morris Brown College, Atlanta, Georgia, 1900Boston Braves Stadium, 1914, Hank Gowdy batting.Atlanta’s first motorized delivery truck was a Cadillac used by Excelsior Laundry Company in 1906.Washington DC, 1914Kids Swimming in Lake Elizabeth, Pittsburgh, early 1900s.Lousville, Kentucky Steamboat at Dock, 1906Young Western Union Messenger, Houston, Texas, 1917A streetcar in San Diego in 1915 on 5th and Broadway.Venice, CA in 1913 on Windward Avenue. The banner is announcing a game between the Chicago White Sox and Venice Tigers.Blockade of people on Front St., Nome, Alaska, July 1, 1900.Snowed-in public school, Valdez, Alaska, 1910.Brooklyn Navy Yard, dry dock No. 4. Circa 1910.Texas South-Eastern Railroad Engine, 1906W.F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody, right of center in black hat, and other investors at an oilfield on the Shoshone Anticline near Cody, Wyoming, around 1910.Dock Street Market looking north from the 100 block of Spruce Street in Society Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1910Some of the boys working in the Saxon Mill. Spartanburg, South Carolina. May 1912.Philadelphia City Hall ca. 1910Main Street, Little Rock, Arkansas, circa 1910.El Cajon Boulevard, near San Diego, California, 1910Los Angeles Times Building 1910St. Charles Avenue from Canal Street. New Orleans 1910.Decatur, Arkansas, 1910Mary H. Miller on a floating dry dock in Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Drive-in theater, Florida, 1965Drive-in theater, Chicago, 1951Customers arriving by car at a ‘fly-in drive-in’ theater, New Jersey, 1949Usher, drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, Chicago, 1951Drive-in theater, Los Angeles, 1949Drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, Chicago, 1951Gilmore Island, Los Angeles, 1949Gilmore Island, Los Angeles, 1949Drive-in theater, Connecticut, 1955Drive in movie theatre marquee, late 1940s or early 1950sWhitestone Bridge Drive-in Movie Theater, the Bronx, New York, June 20, 1951.As a publicity stunt Les Davis (on top of the screen) lives in a tent on top of a drive-in movie screen in 1955 ConnecticutRancho Drive-in Theater, San Francisco, 1948A Joel McCrea movie at the Rancho Drive-in Theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Drive-in theater, San Francisco, 1948Kids enjoy one of the four double-seated glider swings in the mini-playground at the Rancho Drive-In Theater, San Francisco, 1948Aerial view of a ‘fly-in drive-in theater,’ with plane in parking lot, 1949Drive-In Fly-In Theatre, East Dennis, Mass., 1949Whitestone Bridge Drive-in Movie Theater, the Bronx, New York, June 20, 1951.A uniformed drive-in theater attendant hands a clip-on speaker to the driver of convertible while the car’s other passengers watch, New York, early 1950s.A drive-in theatre in Chicago, 1950A drive-in theatre in Los Angeles, 1930sA drive-in theatre in Camden, New Jersey, 1930sDuring their 50s heyday there were over 4,600 drive-in movie theatres across the States.Uniformed lot boys sell tickets to the drivers of the cars swarming around them.Actor Charlton Heston as Moses with arms flung wide appearing in motion picture The Ten Commandments as it is shown at a drive-in movie theatre in Utah in 1958A four-screen drive-in theatre in 1953, where movies are beamed in all directions from a projector in the centre of the parking lot.Attendant Bud Grote hands an in-car speaker to Thomas Speakman at San Pedro Outdoor Theater , May 1948
Marilyn Monroe prepares to tee off from the practice green at Riviera Golf Club in Los Angeles, early 1950s.Doris Day and Cary Grant in the pool at the Fairmont Hotel in Santa Monica, 1962Young Clint Eastwood working outHumphrey Bogart plays chess with his two Scotty dogs in the late 1930sPaul Newman and Robert Redford are playing ping-pong during a break in the filming of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in Durango, Mexico. 1968Drew Barrymore and Billy Idol Clowning Around, 1984Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot in Spain, 1968Sophia Loren at Disneyland, 1963Dean Martin as Matt Helm prepares to hang on for a ride with a movie extra on a Vespa scooter on the set of The Ambushers, 1967.Jane Powell on Main Street U.S.A. at DisneylandRobert Taylor practices golf in his backyardShirley Temple and Guy Madison after a game of tennis in 1944Debbie Reynolds, 1950Clark Gable sailing, 1936.Farrah Fawcett, 1978.Ava Gardner, 1948Judy Garland & Mickey Rooney Dancing, 1940sElizabeth Taylor playing billiards. Early 1950sCary Grant and his then wife Virginia Cherrill playing backgammon at home together in 1934.Fred Astaire teaching his son some moves at their home in 1940.Lucille Ball & Desi Arnaz playing music together at home in 1955.Marilyn Monroe, playing the drums at Ray Anthony’s Birthday Party, 1953Mickey Rooney, Ann Rutherford, Judy Garland, Jackie Cooper, and Marjorie Gestring – June 1939 at Louis B Mayer’s birthday bash he tossed for Judy at his home in Santa MonicaJanet Leigh and Tony Curtis enjoy a leisurely sail around the lake in a colorful speedboat, 1955Richard Gere the Musician – 1978Robert Mitchum bicycling at the beach, 1948Marilyn Monroe, 1952Elizabeth Taylor, 1949Sophia Loren playing pool. 1950sAudrey Hepburn, 1960s
Jean Dorothy Seberg (November 13, 1938 – August 30, 1979) was an American actress who lived half of her life in France. Her performance in Jean-Luc Godard’s 1960 film Breathless immortalized her as an icon of French New Wave cinema.
Seberg appeared in 34 films in Hollywood and in Europe, including Saint Joan, Bonjour Tristesse, Lilith, The Mouse That Roared, Breathless, Moment to Moment, A Fine Madness, Paint Your Wagon, Airport, Macho Callahan, and Gang War in Naples.
Seberg was among the best-known targets of the FBI COINTELPRO project. Her targeting was in retaliation for her support of the Black Panther Party, a smear directly ordered by J. Edgar Hoover.
Seberg died at the age of 40 in Paris, with police ruling her death a probable suicide. Romain Gary, Seberg’s second husband, called a press conference shortly after her death at which he blamed the FBI’s campaign against Seberg for her death. Gary noted that the FBI had planted false rumors with American media outlets claiming that her 1970 pregnancy was a Black Panther’s child, and claimed that the trauma had resulted in the child’s miscarriage. Gary stated that Seberg had attempted suicide on numerous anniversaries of the child’s death, August 25. (Wikipedia)
Shown is a glamorous photo collection that shows the beauty of young Jean Seberg in the 1960s.
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and over 700 smaller islands, covering a total area of 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country’s varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand’s capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
Owing to their remoteness, the islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable landmass to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, and in 1907 it became a dominion; it gained full statutory independence in 1947, and the British monarch remained the head of state. Today, the majority of New Zealand’s population of 5 million is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealand’s culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with recent broadening of culture arising from increased immigration. The official languages are Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, with English being dominant and a de facto official language.
A developed country, New Zealand ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, education, protection of civil liberties, government transparency, and economic freedom. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture. International tourism is also a significant source of revenue. Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the prime minister, currently Jacinda Ardern. Queen Elizabeth II is the country’s monarch and is represented by the governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand’s territorial claim in Antarctica.
New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, OECD, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum. (Wikipedia)
Ans Westra is responsible for the most comprehensive documentation of Maori culture over 50 years of significant political and cultural change. She immigrated to New Zealand in 1957 and began her career in 1962 as a fulltime freelance documentary photographer, working mainly for the Department of Education and Te Ao Hou, a Maori magazine published by the Government.
Here’s a collection of 30 black and white photographs taken by Ans Westra show everyday life in New Zealand from the 1960s to early 1980s.
Up until the invention of the modern “safety” bicycle in 1887, few women rode the high wheel bicycles of the previous generation. But in the 1890s, a “cycling craze” offered a new kind of mobility to many young women. In 1897 alone, more than two million bicycles were sold in the United States, about one for every 30 inhabitants.
Bikes facilitated unchaperoned dates—even elopements. Just as troubling to some moralists of the day, cycling women often wore bloomers, widely seen as indecent, that were much like men’s pants. The Women’s Rescue League of Boston even claimed that, following the closing of brothels, prostitutes were riding bikes to reach their clients.
Another charge against the cycling craze was that people were spending their Sundays—often the only work-free day of the week—on bike rides rather than at church. Already, male church attendance had been on the decline. As a sport open to both women and men, cycling threatened to leave preachers with congregations made up of only the sick and the elderly.
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War and succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the frontier primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. He reentered politics in 1854, becoming a leader in the new Republican Party, and he reached a national audience in the 1858 debates against Stephen Douglas. Lincoln ran for President in 1860, sweeping the North in victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South equated his success with the North’s rejection of their right to practice slavery, and southern states began seceding from the Union. To secure its independence, the new Confederate States fired on Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in the South, and Lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union.
Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic and Republican parties. His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. Anti-war Democrats (called “Copperheads”) despised Lincoln, and irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements plotted his assassination. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the American people. His Gettysburg Address appealed to nationalistic, republican, egalitarian, libertarian, and democratic sentiments. Lincoln scrutinized the strategy and tactics in the war effort, including the selection of generals and the naval blockade of the South’s trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland, and he averted British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair. He engineered the end to slavery with his Emancipation Proclamation, including his order that the Army and Navy liberate, protect, and recruit former slaves. He also encouraged border states to outlaw slavery, and promoted the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery across the country.
Lincoln managed his own successful re-election campaign. He sought to heal the war-torn nation through reconciliation. On April 14, 1865, just days after the war’s end at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife Mary when he was fatally shot by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln is remembered as a martyr and hero of the United States and is often ranked as the greatest president in American history. (Wikipedia)
1846 – This daguerreotype is the earliest confirmed photographic image of Abraham Lincoln.October 27, 1854 – The second earliest known photograph of Lincoln.February 28, 1857May 27, 185718581858May 7, 1858May 25, 1858August 26, 1858September 26, 1858October 1, 1858October 11, 1858October 4, 1859February 27, 1860 – Mathew Brady’s first photograph of LincolnMay 20, 1860 – Presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, Illinois, two days after he won his party’s nominationMay 20, 1860June 3, 1860June 3, 186018601860Summer, 1860August 13, 1860February 9, 1861 – This photograph was taken two days before he left Springfield en route to Washington, DC, for his inaugurationFebruary 24, 1861 – Taken during President-elect Lincoln’s first sitting in Washington, D.C., the day after his arrival by trainSpring, 1861 – The first photographic image of the new president.February 1862 – Taken soon after the death of Lincoln’s son Willie.April 17, 1863August 9, 1863November 8, 1863 – This famous image of Lincoln was photographed by Alexander Gardner on November 8, 1863, just weeks before he would deliver the Gettysburg Address.January 8, 1864February 9, 1864February 1865February 5, 1865 – This is from the last formal portrait session of Abraham Lincoln before his assassination.February 5, 1865 – This is from the last formal portrait session of Abraham Lincoln before his assassination.