Yesterday Today

Japanese Americans: Incarceration in World War II

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During World War II, the United States forcibly relocated and incarcerated at least 125,284 people of Japanese descent in 75 identified incarceration sites. Most lived on the Pacific Coast, in concentration camps in the western interior of the country. Approximately two-thirds of the inmates were United States citizens. These actions were initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt via Executive Order 9066 following Imperial Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor.

Of the 127,000 Japanese Americans who were living in the continental United States at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, 112,000 resided on the West Coast. About 80,000 were Nisei (literal translation: ‘second generation’; American-born Japanese with U.S. citizenship) and Sansei (‘third generation’, the children of Nisei). The rest were Issei (‘first generation’) immigrants born in Japan who were ineligible for U.S. citizenship under U.S. law.

Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps based on local population concentrations and regional politics. More than 112,000 Japanese Americans who were living on the West Coast were incarcerated in camps which were located in its interior. In Hawaii (which was under martial law), where more than 150,000 Japanese Americans comprised over one-third of the territory’s population, only 1,200 to 1,800 were incarcerated. California defined anyone with 1⁄16th or more Japanese lineage as a person who should be incarcerated. Colonel Karl Bendetsen, the architect of the program, went so far as to say that anyone with “one drop of Japanese blood” qualified for incarceration.

These War Relocation Authority photos from The Library of Congress that depicted Japanese Americans before and during World War II and their incarceration in concentration camps.

Photos of Hedy Lamarr With Clark Gable During the Filming of ‘Comrade X’ (1940)

Comrade X is a 1940 American comedy spy film directed by King Vidor and starring Clark Gable and Hedy Lamarr. The supporting cast features Oskar Homolka, Felix Bressart, Sig Rumann and Eve Arden. In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor’s career.

In the Soviet Union, American reporter McKinley “Mac” Thompson (Clark Gable) secretly writes unflattering stories about the Soviet Union, attributed to “Comrade X”, for his newspaper. His identity is discovered by his valet, Vanya (Felix Bressart), who blackmails Mac into promising to get his daughter, a streetcar conductor named Theodore (Hedy Lamarr), out of the country. Theodore agrees to a sham marriage so she can spread the message of the benefits of Communism to the rest of the world. However, Commissar Vasiliev (Oscar Homolka) is determined to unmask and arrest Comrade X. Eventually Theodore sees the “wicked hypocrisy of Communism” and falls in love with Thompson.

Gable prophetically jokes that “Germany just invaded Russia” and “Panzer tanks are rolling into Ukraine” to get the Russian hotel manager to kick the German reporter out of his room. Less than a year after release, Germany did indeed invade Russia and the Ukrainian SSR.

Pre-war American films such as Comrade X and Ninotchka also depict the Soviet Union as backwards, dreary, depressing and totalitarian. After the United States entered the war on Russia’s side, however, Hollywood’s depictions of Russians immediately changed to brave, honorable, freedom-loving liberators. The UK specifically pulled Comrade X from the cinemas.

At one point in the movie, after McKinley feeds vodka to his secretary Olga and embraces her, Golubka enters his room and the women engage in a “hair pulling battle” for his affections that Variety described as “a honey.”

According to MGM records the film earned $1,520,000 in the US and Canada and $559,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $484,000.

These vintage photos show Hedy Lamarr with Clark Gable during the filming of Comrade X in 1940.

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Historical Photos of Gymnasts at the 1908 Summer Olympics

The 1908 Summer Olympics were an international multi-sport event held in London from April 27 to October 31, 1908. The 1908 Games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were relocated on financial grounds following the violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906, which claimed over 100 lives.

At the 1908 Summer Olympics, two gymnastics events for men were contested. No nation was successful in winning more than one medal. No women’s competitions were held, though women did participate in non-competitive gymnastic displays.

These Olympic gymnasts from 1908 who will make you say “Yeah, I could probably do that!”

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45 Lovely Portrait Photos of Edwardian Mothers Holding Their Babies

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Nowadays, childhood lasts a long time with children remaining dependant on their parents, sometimes into adulthood, as they take advantage of educational opportunities. But during the Edwardian era, most children left school much earlier and went into the world of work to earn their keep.

At this time, further education was typically only available to children from the most well-off families. Girls typically went into service when they left school, though boys had a greater choice of employment. Studying at night classes was probably the best option if you wanted to gain additional qualifications.
Here below is a set of lovely photos that shows studio portraits of mothers holding their babies in the 1900s and early 1910s.

30 Vintage Photos of Cars During Winter in the 1950s and 1960s

1950s cars were some of the most classic, powerful and unsafe cars ever driven. The modern designs and acceleration abilities were getting more and more amazing every year. The auto industry was starting to experiment with a new concept called a “sports car.” By the end of the 50s, Americans fell in love with the sports car. After all, the 50s gave birth to the Corvette.

In 1960, car buyers were demanding smaller vehicles. Compact cars were marketed heavily by every automobile manufacturer, in stark contrast to the 1950s. New models included the Ford Falcon, the Chevrolet Corvair and the Plymouth Valiant. Soon after, Lincoln-Mercury released the Comet and Dodge introduced the Dart.

Midway through 1960, General Motors announced that it would offer three smaller cars, the Buick Special, the Oldsmobile F-85 and the Pontiac Tempest. This focus on smaller cars domestically caused a sharp drop in import sales.

Here is a set of amazing vintage photos shows cars during winter in the 1950s and 1960s.

1950s and 1960s cars in Portland, Maine

1939 Mercury at The Christmas Tree Lodge on the Mount Rose Highway south of Reno, Nevada, 1950

1941 Buick Special Sedanet

1950s and 1960s cars in snow

1950s cars in Georgetown, Distric of Columbia

1950s Chevy, Ford and Plymouth cars

1950s Montreal

1950s used cars at Manny’s Motor Mart

1953 Cars at Sunoco Gas Station, Columbus, Ohio, 1953

1953 Mercury Monterey

1955 Mercury Monterey Sedan

1955 Opel Kapitän

1955 Studebaker Champion

1955-1958 Opel Kapitän

1956 Chevrolet 150

1957-1960 Opel Olympia Rekord

1958 Cadillac Coupe Deville

1959 Buick Lesabre

1960 Rambler Custom

1960s trailer

Buick Wildcat coupe in Minnesota, April 1965

Buick, registered to California during the early 1950s

Early 1950s cars in city wintertime scene

Early 1950s Chevrolets on a car dealers lot

Early 1960s street scene with 1950s and 1960s cars

Late 1940s Cadillac

Mid 1950s Cadillac hardtop

Mid 1950s winter ski trip with 1940s and 1950s cars

Sedan and truck during winter, circa 1950s

Vermont winter, 1956

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30 Stunning Black and White Portraits of Actress Carole Lombard in the 1930s

20 Gorgeous Photos of Aretha Franklin in the 1960s

The definitive female soul singer of the 1960s, a symbol of black pride, and one of the most influential voices in the history of popular music, Aretha Franklin brought “black” music to an entirely new audience.

Aretha grew up in Detroit where her father was pastor at the New Bethel Baptist Church. She recorded her first album of gospel music at age 14. At 18, legendary talent scout John Hammond brought her to Columbia Records, “Columbia was a white company who misunderstood her genius.”

In 1966, Aretha moves to Atlantic Records and immediately hits her stride, producing a phenomenal body of work. “When I went to Atlantic,” she said, “they just sat me down at the piano and the hits started coming.”

“Respect”, her trademark song written by singer Otis Redding, is an instant hit in 1967, becoming an anthem for both racial pride and women’s rights. Within three years, she has eight crossover hits that reach the Top 10 in both Pop and R&B charts, including “Chain of Fools”, “Think”, and “A Natural Woman”.

On April 9, 1968, she sang “Precious Lord, Take My Hand” at the funeral service of her friend Martin Luther King Jr. A few months later she appears on the cover of TIME, in an article suggesting her husband/manager is abusive. A lawsuit was filed over the article, and her marriage subsequently ended in divorce. After this, she rarely talks to the media.

In 1987, at age 45, Aretha is the first woman inducted in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, having charted more records selling over a million copies than any woman in history.

On August 13, 2018, Franklin was reported to be gravely ill at her home in Riverfront Towers, Detroit. She was under hospice care and surrounded by friends and family. Stevie Wonder, Jesse Jackson and former husband Glynn Turman visited her on her deathbed. Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76. She was initially thought to have died without a will. The cause of death was a malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET), which is distinct from the most common form of pancreatic cancer.

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Romantic Photographs of Dalida and Alain Delon in the Garden of Their House in Montmartre, 1972

Alain Delon is one of the most popular actors of his generation. During his career, he also befriended countless stars… But not only. His conquests are numerous. But her love affair with Dalida has long fascinated her admirers. As a reminder, the duo knew each other before being famous. They have always encouraged each other in their projects. The lovebirds also recorded the iconic hit “Paroles, Paroles” together in the late 1972.

Orlando, the brother of the singer who died in 1987, confided in their romance in the pages of TV Star. Himself, however close to his sister, was not aware of the real links that existed between Dalida and Alain Delon. Their couple, he only learned of it when the two lovebirds recorded the title “Paroles, Paroles” (“Words, Words”) in 1972, almost ten years after their crush: “They had met in Paris at their beginnings, in the mid-1950s. They occupied maids’ rooms on the same floor. And they met again in Rome around 1963-1964 and there was a story between them. I was unaware of their romance.”

In April 2011, in his book “Les Femmes de ma vie” (“The women in my life”), published by Carpentier, Alain Delon lifted the veil on his relationship with Dalida: “She came from the Middle East with, as her only baggage, a title of Miss Egypt 1954. […] Ten years later, she had become Dalida and I, Delon“, specifying in passing that “the rare witnesses of [la] liaison remained discreet for years.”

Their breakup was recorded smoothly. “The complicity was intact,” assured the actor who never accepted his disappearance which occurred in 1987. “Dali, it upsets me, because I loved this woman terribly. I suffered so much when she was made to leave… I would have liked to be there, to prevent her from leaving like that. […] She had made up her mind, she didn’t want to go back, she wanted to go,” regretted the actor. “She left very quickly… and I know why.”

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22 Amazing Black and White Photographs of Jewish Life From the 1930s

Born in 1897 to a wealthy Russian-Jewish family, Roman Vishniac immigrated to Berlin in 1920 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. As an amateur photographer, he took to the streets with his camera throughout the 1920s and ’30s, offering astute, often humorous visual commentary on his adopted city and experimented with new and modern approaches to framing and composition. Here’s a collection of amazing black and white photographs show daily life of Jewish people in the 1930s.

Boy with kindling in basement dwelling, Krochmalna Street, Warsaw, ca. 1935–38.

Roman Vishniac’s daughter, Mara, posing in front of a shop specializing in instruments that measure the difference in size between Aryan and non-Aryan skulls, Berlin, 1933.

Travelling salesmen returning home for the Sabbath, Mukacevo, c. 1935–38.

Youngsters adopted cattle as friends, Carpathian Ruthenia, c. 1935–38.

A German family walking between taxi-cabs in front of the Ufa-Palast cinema, Berlin, ca. 1930s.

Sunlight streaming into a railway station, probably the Bahnhof Zoo terminal in Charlottenburg, Berlin, ca. 1930s.

People behind bars at Berlin Zoo in the early 1930s.

Woman washing windows above Mandtler & Neumann Speditionen (Mandtler & Neumann Forwarding Agents), Vienna, ca. 1930s.

A salesman sleeps on a bench to save on lodging, Eastern Europe, c. 1935–38.

Nazi Storm Troopers marching next to the Arsenal in front of the Berlin Cathedral, ca. 1935.

Interior of the Anhalter Bahnhof, a railway terminus near Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, ca. 1930s.

Street scene with swastika flag in background, Berlin, ca. 1935–36.

Children with shaved heads at the Cemach Szabad Colony for Frail Children, near Wilno, c. 1935–38.

Students standing outside a yeshiva, Mukacevo, c. 1937–38.

At the end of October, 1938, thousands of Polish Jews in Germany were forcibly repatriated by the Nazis and housed in military barracks in Zbaszyn, Poland.

Exhausted. A carrier of heavy loads, Warsaw, ca. 1935–38.

Girl in plaid dress, Mukacevo, Ukraine ca. 1935–38.

Zionist youth learning construction techniques while building a school and foundry, Werkdorp Wieringen, The Netherlands, 1939.

An elder of the village, Vysni Apsa, Carpathian Ruthenia, c. 1935–38.

Students sharing books in heder, Brod, c. 1935–38.

She would rather have it for her own family!, Uzhorod, Carpathian Ruthenia, c. 1935–38.

Grandfather and granddaughter, Warsaw, c. 1935–38.

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Handsome Portrait Photos of John Ericson in the 1950s and 1960s

Born 1926 as Joachim Alexander Ottokar Meibes in Düsseldorf, Germany, German-American actor John Ericson made a number of films for MGM in quick succession in the 1950s. His first appearance was in Teresa (1951), and also appeared in Rhapsody, The Student Prince, Green Fire (all in 1954), in Bad Day at Black Rock (1955). He co-starred with Barbara Stanwyck in Forty Guns (1957). In 1958 he appeared as Sheriff Barney Wiley in the Western Day of the Badman which starred Fred MacMurray.

For the next 30 years, his career continued mostly on television. Ericson was known primarily for his co-star role with actress Anne Francis on the ABC television series Honey West in the 1965-66 season.

Ericson played the title role in Pretty Boy Floyd (1960), and his other film appearances included roles in Under Ten Flags (1960), Slave Queen of Babylon (1963), 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964), Operation Atlantis (1965), The Money Jungle (1968), The Bamboo Saucer (1968), Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), Crash! (1976), and The Far Side of Jericho (2006).

Ericson died of pneumonia in 2020 at the age of 93. These vintage photos captured portraits of a young and handsome John Ericson in the 1950s and 1960s.